For persons with diabetes, proper foot care is an essential part of health management. Diabetes affects approximately 6 million Americans, and it is estimated that 25% of those affected will develop foot problems. However, a few simple measures of daily care, and proper footwear, can prevent any serious complications.

Diabetes disrupts the vascular system, which can affect the eyes, kidneys, legs and feet. Diabetes can also have an effect on the nervous system, a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. The combination of impaired circulation and neuropathy is responsible for most of the foot problems associated with diabetes. Poor circulation results from a narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the legs and feet. This reduces oxygen and nutrition supplies to the skin, potentially resulting in slower healing times, swelling and dryness. Neuropathy can result in reduced sensitivity, and an inability to feel pain, hot, and cold. This can lead to cuts, abrasions, and blisters being left untreated, which combined with the slower healing times, can result in infections or more serious complications.

As with all diabetes complications, the best preventative measures are seeking the care of a competent health care professional, and keeping blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible by monitoring frequently and faithfully taking insulin and prescribed medications. A few other special measures regarding daily foot care can further help to prevent potentially serious foot problems:

• Make sure to check your feet daily for any cuts, sores, red spots, swelling, or infected toenails. Keep your toenails trimmed.
• Wash your feet every day. Avoid hot water, and don't soak your feet to avoid dryness. Use a mild skin lotion.
• Make a special effort to keep circulation going: elevate your feet, wiggle your toes occasionally, and get some low-impact exercise such as aerobics, swimming, bicycling, and walking. Don't cross your legs or wear any tight-fitting socks.
• It is also extremely important to wear proper shoes and socks. You should wear shoes and socks at all times to avoid the risk of developing cuts and sores. There are special socks and shoes available specifically for diabetes foot care. These products are engineered for the special needs of diabetics, and in some cases may be covered by insurance or Medicare. Diabetes socks are seamless to prevent irritation, and made of materials that help to wick moisture away from the skin. Diabetic shoes have special features such as adequate toe room, removable insoles for special foam orthotics where needed, rocker soles to ease impact, and firm heel areas for proper support and stability.

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Foot.com: Diabetes Foot Care Products

Foot Care Information from the American Diabetes Association (ADA)

National Institutes of Health (NIH): Diabetes Foot Care

American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA): Diabetes Foot Care